NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTE RICE AND BONE TILAPIA FISH AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens L.) LARVAE
Abstract
Organic waste as a by-product of household activities that are produced continuously is still a major problem in Indonesia. Conventional organic waste management still has weaknesses and limitations. Black soldier fly larvae are decomposers that can be used in organic waste management. This study aims to measure the nutrient levels of organic waste used, such as leftover rice, tilapia bones, or a combination of both and study the use of organic waste for the growth of BSF larvae. The research used 150 BSF larvae aged 12 days with three repeats and four test treatments: T51 feed (control), leftover rice, tilapia bones, and a combination of leftover rice and tilapia bones (50:50). The highest levels of carbohydrates and fats were detected in the remaining rice and tilapia bones, respectively. The type of feed has an impact on the nutrients and growth of BSF larvae. The combination treatment produces larvae with the largest biomass and shortest growth time, on the other hand, a single treatment extends the growth time of larvae with a relatively small biomass. The combination treatment between leftover rice and tilapia bones (50:50) is the best type of feed in supporting the growth of BSF larvae, while single feed treatment is considered inappropriate for the growth of BSF larvae.
References
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Gold, M., Cassar, C., Zurbrügg, C., Kreuzer, M., Boulos, S., Diener, S., & Mathys, A. (2020). Biowaste treatment with black soldier fly larvae: Increasing performance through the formulation of biowastes based on protein and carbohydrates. Waste Management, 102, 319-329.
Hakim, A. R., Prasetya, A., & Petrus, H. T. (2017). Studi Laju Umpan pada Proses Biokonversi Limbah Pengolahan Tuna Menggunakan Larva Hermetia illucens. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan, 12(2), 179-192.
Hartati, Chamila, A., Syamsiah, Jumadi, O., Kurnia, N., Junda, M., . . . Harianto, F. (2022). Pengaruh Formulasi Pakan Terhadap Kandungan Nutrisi Larva Black Solder Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens. Jurnal Sainsmat, XI(2), 144-153.
Holeh, G., Opiyo, M., Brown, C., Sumbule, E., Gatagwu, J., Oje, E., & Munyi, F. (2022). Effect of different waste substrates on the growth, development and proximate composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(7), 1-11.
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Kim, C.-H., Ryu, J., Lee, J., Ko, K., Lee, J.-y., Park, K. Y., & Chung, H. (2021). Use of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Food Waste Treatment and Energy Production in Asian Countries: A Review. Processes, 9(1), 161.
Lalander, C., Ermolaev, E., Wiklicky, V., & Vinnerås, B. (2020). Process efficiency and ventilation requirement in black soldier fly larvae composting of substrates with high water content. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 138968.
Le Gall, M., & Behmer, S. (2014). Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate on an Insect Herbivore: The Vista from a Fitness Landscape. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 54(5), 942–954.
Liu, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Yang, Q., ur Rehman, K., Li, W., . . . Zheng, L. (2017). Dynamic changes of nutrient composition throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182601.
Makkar, H., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Ankers, P. (2014). State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197(38), 1-33.
Monteiro dos Santos, D., Rodrigues de Freitas, O., Oishi, C., Leão da Fonseca, F., Parisi, G., & Gonçalves, L. (2023). Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Diet for Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum: Digestibility, Growth Performance and Economic Analysis of Feeds. Animals, 13(3), 360.
Mulyani, Y. S., Yulisman, & Fitrani, M. (2014). Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipuasakan secara Periodik. Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia, 2(1), 1-12.
Nguyen, T., Tomberlin, J., & Vanlaerhoven, S. (2013). Influence of Resources on Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(4), 898–906.
Oddon, S., Biasato, I., Resconi, A., & Gasco, L. (2022). Determination of lipid requirements in black soldier fly through semi purified diets. Scientifc Reports, 12, 10922.
Oliveira, F., Doelle, K., List, R., & O'Reilly, J. (2015). Assessment of Diptera: Stratiomyidae, genus Hermetia illucens (L., 1758) using electron microscopy. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(5), 147-152.
Pansuk, J., Junpen, A., & Garivait, S. (2018). Assessment of Air Pollution from Household Solid Waste Open Burning in Thailand. Sustainability, 10(7), 2553.
Pliantiangtam, N., Chundang, P., & Kovitvadhi, A. (2021). Growth Performance, Waste Reduction Efficiency and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae Reared on Coconut Endosperm and Soybean Curd Residue with or without Supplementation. Insects, 12(8), 682.
Prameswari, G. (2018). Promosi Gizi terhadap Sikap Gemar Makan Ikan pada Anak Usia Sekolah. Journal of Health Education, 3(1), 1-6.
Ribeiro, N., Costa, R., & Ameixa, O. M. (2022). The Influence of Non-Optimal Rearing Conditions and Substrates on the Performance of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Insects, 13(7), 639.
Saputra, D. A., Setiawan, A., Wahono, E. P., & Winarno, G. (2020). Dampak Keberadaan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir terhadap Kondisi Lingkungan dan Sosial di Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Desa Karang Rejo Kota Metro Lampung). Ekologia: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Dasar dan Lingkungan Hidup, 20(2), 79-87.
Siddiqui, S. A., Ristow, B., Rahayu, T., Putra, N. S., Yuwono, N. W., Nisa, K., . . . Nagdalian, A. (2022). Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and their affinity for organic waste processing. Waste Management, 140, 1-13.
Spranghers, T., Ottoboni, M., Klootwijk, C., Ovyn, A., Deboosere, S., De Meulenaer, B., . . . De Smet, S. (2016). Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(5), 2594–2600.
Sriharti, Andrianto, M., & Fahriansyah. (2018). Production of Biogas from Organic Waste and its Utilization as an Alternative Energy Source. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 3(3), 763-769.
Sriyundiyati, N. P., Supriadi, & Nuryanti, S. (2013). Pemanfaatan Nasi Basi sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair dan Aplikasinya untuk Pemupukan Tanaman Bunga Kertas Orange (Bougainvillea spectabilis). Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 2(4), 187-195.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2006). Pakan Buatan Untuk Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) pada Budidaya Intensif. Jakarta: Badan Standarlisasi Nasional.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2015). Pakan Ayam Ras Pedaging (broiler) - Bagian 3: masa akhir (finisher). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Steele, R. (1952). The Formation of Amino Acids from Carbohydrate Carbon in the Mouse. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 198(1), 237-244.
Suryani, N., Abdurrachim, R., & Alindah, N. (2016). Analisis Kandungan Karbohidrat, Serat Dan Indeks Glikemik Pada Hasil Olahan Beras Siam Unus Sebagai Alternatif Makanan Selingan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurkessia, 7(1), 1-9.
van Huis, A., van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., & Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
Wahyuni, Dewi, R. K., Ardiansyah, F., & Fadhlil, R. C. (2021). Maggot BSF - Kualitas Fisik dan Kimianya. Lamongan: LITBANG PEMAS UNISLA.
Woodley, N. (2001). A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Washington: North American Dipterists' Society.
Yuriandala, Y., Putra, H. P., Ilmira, H. A., & Putri, R. M. (2020). Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik (Kelapa Muda, Tulang Ikan Dan Limbah Udang) di Kawasan Pantai Glagah Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Jurnal Mineral, Energi dan Lingkungan, 4(1), 32-41.
Yuwono, A. S., & Mentari, P. D. (2018). Penggunaan Larva (Maggot) Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dalam Pengolahan Limbah Organik. Bogor: SEAMEO BIOTROP.
Amrul, N. F., Ahmad, I. K., Basri, N. E., Suja, F., Jalil, N. A., & Azman, N. A. (2022). A Review of Organic Waste Treatment Using Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Sustainability, 14(8), 4565.
Ayilara, M. S., Olanrewaju, O. S., Babalola, O. O., & Odeyemi, O. (2020). Waste Management through Composting: Challenges and Potentials. Sustainability, 12(11), 4456.
Bangani, L., Kabiti, H., Amoo, O., Nakin, M., & Magayiyana, Z. (2023). Impacts of illegal solid waste dumping on the water quality of the Mthatha River. Water Practice & Technology, 1-11.
Barragan-Fonseca, K. (2018). Flies are what they eat: Tailoring nutrition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens L.) for larval biomass production and fitness. Wageningen: Wageningen University.
Barragan-Fonseca, K. B., Dicke, M., & van Loon, J. J. (2017). Nutritional value of the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens L.) and its suitability as animal feed – a review. Journal of Insects as Food and Feed, 3(2), 105-120.
Dortmans, B., Diener, S., Verstappen, B., & Zurbrügg, C. (2017). Black Soldier Fly Biowaste Processing - A Step-by-Step Guide. Dübendorf: Eawag - Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology.
Gold, M., Cassar, C., Zurbrügg, C., Kreuzer, M., Boulos, S., Diener, S., & Mathys, A. (2020). Biowaste treatment with black soldier fly larvae: Increasing performance through the formulation of biowastes based on protein and carbohydrates. Waste Management, 102, 319-329.
Hakim, A. R., Prasetya, A., & Petrus, H. T. (2017). Studi Laju Umpan pada Proses Biokonversi Limbah Pengolahan Tuna Menggunakan Larva Hermetia illucens. JPB Kelautan dan Perikanan, 12(2), 179-192.
Hartati, Chamila, A., Syamsiah, Jumadi, O., Kurnia, N., Junda, M., . . . Harianto, F. (2022). Pengaruh Formulasi Pakan Terhadap Kandungan Nutrisi Larva Black Solder Fly (BSF) Hermetia illucens. Jurnal Sainsmat, XI(2), 144-153.
Holeh, G., Opiyo, M., Brown, C., Sumbule, E., Gatagwu, J., Oje, E., & Munyi, F. (2022). Effect of different waste substrates on the growth, development and proximate composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae. Livestock Research for Rural Development, 34(7), 1-11.
Ilan, J. (1964). Metabolism of Protein and Nucleic Acids During the Metamorphosis of Tenebrio Molitor L. Montreal: McGill University.
Jucker, C., Lupi, D., Moore, C., Leonardi, M., & Savoldelli, S. (2020). Nutrient Recapture from Insect Farm Waste: Bioconversion with Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae). Sustainability, 12(1), 362.
Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan. (2023). Sistem Informasi Pengelolaan Sampah Nasional (SIPSN). Retrieved from sipsn.menlhk.go.id: https://sipsn.menlhk.go.id/sipsn/
Khairuddin, D., Ghafar, S., & Hassan, S. (2022). Food waste type and moisture content influence on the Hermetia illucens (L.), (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development and Survival. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1022 (pp. 1-8). Bristol: IOP Publishing.
Kim, C.-H., Ryu, J., Lee, J., Ko, K., Lee, J.-y., Park, K. Y., & Chung, H. (2021). Use of Black Soldier Fly Larvae for Food Waste Treatment and Energy Production in Asian Countries: A Review. Processes, 9(1), 161.
Lalander, C., Ermolaev, E., Wiklicky, V., & Vinnerås, B. (2020). Process efficiency and ventilation requirement in black soldier fly larvae composting of substrates with high water content. Science of The Total Environment, 729, 138968.
Le Gall, M., & Behmer, S. (2014). Effects of Protein and Carbohydrate on an Insect Herbivore: The Vista from a Fitness Landscape. Integrative and Comparative Biology, 54(5), 942–954.
Liu, X., Chen, X., Wang, H., Yang, Q., ur Rehman, K., Li, W., . . . Zheng, L. (2017). Dynamic changes of nutrient composition throughout the entire life cycle of black soldier fly. PLoS ONE, 12(8), e0182601.
Makkar, H., Tran, G., Heuzé, V., & Ankers, P. (2014). State-of-the-art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 197(38), 1-33.
Monteiro dos Santos, D., Rodrigues de Freitas, O., Oishi, C., Leão da Fonseca, F., Parisi, G., & Gonçalves, L. (2023). Full-Fat Black Soldier Fly Larvae Meal in Diet for Tambaqui, Colossoma macropomum: Digestibility, Growth Performance and Economic Analysis of Feeds. Animals, 13(3), 360.
Mulyani, Y. S., Yulisman, & Fitrani, M. (2014). Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Pakan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang Dipuasakan secara Periodik. Jurnal Akuakultur Rawa Indonesia, 2(1), 1-12.
Nguyen, T., Tomberlin, J., & Vanlaerhoven, S. (2013). Influence of Resources on Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae) Larval Development. Journal of Medical Entomology, 50(4), 898–906.
Oddon, S., Biasato, I., Resconi, A., & Gasco, L. (2022). Determination of lipid requirements in black soldier fly through semi purified diets. Scientifc Reports, 12, 10922.
Oliveira, F., Doelle, K., List, R., & O'Reilly, J. (2015). Assessment of Diptera: Stratiomyidae, genus Hermetia illucens (L., 1758) using electron microscopy. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 3(5), 147-152.
Pansuk, J., Junpen, A., & Garivait, S. (2018). Assessment of Air Pollution from Household Solid Waste Open Burning in Thailand. Sustainability, 10(7), 2553.
Pliantiangtam, N., Chundang, P., & Kovitvadhi, A. (2021). Growth Performance, Waste Reduction Efficiency and Nutritional Composition of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae and Prepupae Reared on Coconut Endosperm and Soybean Curd Residue with or without Supplementation. Insects, 12(8), 682.
Prameswari, G. (2018). Promosi Gizi terhadap Sikap Gemar Makan Ikan pada Anak Usia Sekolah. Journal of Health Education, 3(1), 1-6.
Ribeiro, N., Costa, R., & Ameixa, O. M. (2022). The Influence of Non-Optimal Rearing Conditions and Substrates on the Performance of the Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Insects, 13(7), 639.
Saputra, D. A., Setiawan, A., Wahono, E. P., & Winarno, G. (2020). Dampak Keberadaan Tempat Pembuangan Akhir terhadap Kondisi Lingkungan dan Sosial di Masyarakat (Studi Kasus Desa Karang Rejo Kota Metro Lampung). Ekologia: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Dasar dan Lingkungan Hidup, 20(2), 79-87.
Siddiqui, S. A., Ristow, B., Rahayu, T., Putra, N. S., Yuwono, N. W., Nisa, K., . . . Nagdalian, A. (2022). Black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) and their affinity for organic waste processing. Waste Management, 140, 1-13.
Spranghers, T., Ottoboni, M., Klootwijk, C., Ovyn, A., Deboosere, S., De Meulenaer, B., . . . De Smet, S. (2016). Nutritional composition of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) prepupae reared on different organic waste substrates. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 97(5), 2594–2600.
Sriharti, Andrianto, M., & Fahriansyah. (2018). Production of Biogas from Organic Waste and its Utilization as an Alternative Energy Source. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), 3(3), 763-769.
Sriyundiyati, N. P., Supriadi, & Nuryanti, S. (2013). Pemanfaatan Nasi Basi sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair dan Aplikasinya untuk Pemupukan Tanaman Bunga Kertas Orange (Bougainvillea spectabilis). Jurnal Akademika Kimia, 2(4), 187-195.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2006). Pakan Buatan Untuk Ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) pada Budidaya Intensif. Jakarta: Badan Standarlisasi Nasional.
Standar Nasional Indonesia. (2015). Pakan Ayam Ras Pedaging (broiler) - Bagian 3: masa akhir (finisher). Jakarta: Badan Standardisasi Nasional.
Steele, R. (1952). The Formation of Amino Acids from Carbohydrate Carbon in the Mouse. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 198(1), 237-244.
Suryani, N., Abdurrachim, R., & Alindah, N. (2016). Analisis Kandungan Karbohidrat, Serat Dan Indeks Glikemik Pada Hasil Olahan Beras Siam Unus Sebagai Alternatif Makanan Selingan Penderita Diabetes Mellitus. Jurkessia, 7(1), 1-9.
van Huis, A., van Itterbeeck, J., Klunder, H., Mertens, E., Halloran, A., Muir, G., & Vantomme, P. (2013). Edible Insects: Future Prospects for Food and Feed Security. Roma: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations .
Wahyuni, Dewi, R. K., Ardiansyah, F., & Fadhlil, R. C. (2021). Maggot BSF - Kualitas Fisik dan Kimianya. Lamongan: LITBANG PEMAS UNISLA.
Woodley, N. (2001). A world catalog of the Stratiomyidae (Insecta: Diptera). Washington: North American Dipterists' Society.
Yuriandala, Y., Putra, H. P., Ilmira, H. A., & Putri, R. M. (2020). Pemanfaatan Sampah Organik (Kelapa Muda, Tulang Ikan Dan Limbah Udang) di Kawasan Pantai Glagah Kulon Progo Yogyakarta. Jurnal Mineral, Energi dan Lingkungan, 4(1), 32-41.
Yuwono, A. S., & Mentari, P. D. (2018). Penggunaan Larva (Maggot) Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dalam Pengolahan Limbah Organik. Bogor: SEAMEO BIOTROP.
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2024-03-31
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Abrillian, A., Aditiyarini, D., & Madyaningrana, K. (2024). NUTRIENT COMPOSITION OF ORGANIC WASTE RICE AND BONE TILAPIA FISH AND ITS EFFECT ON THE GROWTH OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY (Hermetia illucens L.) LARVAE. Jurnal Pro-Life, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.33541/jpvol6Iss2pp102
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