Jurnal Pro-Life

Vitex trifolia L. (Botani, Metabolit Sekunder, dan Bioaktivitasnya)

Marina Silalahi — 2024-07-19

Legundi, or Vitex trifolia (Verbenaceae), is an indigenous Indonesian plant that has been long used as traditional medicine. This study aims to explain the botany, secondary metabolites, benefits, and bioactivity of V. trifolia. The method used in this research is a literature review obtained online in 1996–2022, especially from Google Scholar, using the keywords V. trifolia, uses of V. trifolia, and bioactivity of V. trifolia. Description V. trifolia is a shrub or small tree; leaves are spread out with 1–5 leaves; compound flowers have a purple crown. The bioactivities of V. trifolia include anticancer, antiinflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antidiabetes mellitus, and hepatoprotective. The V. trifolia bioactivity as an anticancer is more prominent than the others. Some bioactive compounds against V. trifolia cancer are vitexicarpin, casticin, vitepyrroloids, rotundifuran, persicogenin, artemetin, luteolin, penduletin, vitexicarpin, chrysosplenol, vitexilactone, vitetrifolin, viterotulin, and vitexilactone. The compounds artemetin, casticin, and vitexilactone are associated with anticancer and antiinflammatory activity. Further study of anticancer compounds needs to be carried out so that the development of V. trifolia into a standardized herbal medicine, especially anticancer, can be developed.

Aplikasi Asam Humat dan Pupuk Organik Cair Ekstrak Rumput Laut untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kandungan Flavonoid Brassica juncea L.

Tia Setiawati — 2024-07-19

This research was conducted with the aim of obtaining the optimal dose of humic acid (HA) and liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from seaweed extract that can enhance the growth and total flavonoid content of Brassica juncea L. The method used in this study was experimental with a randomized complete block design with two factors. The first factor was HA, consisting of 4 dose levels: 0, 4, 8, and 12 g/kg, while the second factor was LOF from seaweed extract, consisting of 4 dose levels: 0, 1, 2, and 3 mL/L. Each treatment was replicated four times. Parameters were observed on the 42^nd day, including plant height, leaf number, leaf area, dry weight, and total flavonoids. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test with a confidence level of 95%. The results showed that the dose of 4 g/kg HA and 2 mL/L LOF was the best dose for enhancing growth and total flavonoid content, producing an average plant height of 19.25 cm, a leaf number of 5.75, a total leaf area of 179.8 cm², a dry weight of 0.57 grams, and a total flavonoid content of 0.106 mg QE/g sample.

Potensi Antioksidan, Skrining, dan Identifikasi Metabolit Sekunder Ekstrak Beras Hitam (Oryza sativa L. Indica)

Fri Rahmawati — 2024-07-19

Black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) is a variety of pigmented rice that, apart from acting as a popular food ingredient, can also be used for health because it has active compounds that have the potential to act as antioxidants. The research carried out aimed to determine antioxidant potency, conduct secondary metabolite screening, and characterize the active compound content of black rice extract. It was macerated using a 96% pro-analysis (p.a.) ethanol solvent. Antioxidant potency was tested using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods, secondary metabolite screening using the Harbone method, and identification of active compounds using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that black rice extract has potential as an antioxidant, using the DPPH method, the 50% Inhibition Concentration (IC₅₀) value of black rice extract and vitamin C was 97.34 ppm and 2.64 ppm, respectively, but using the FRAP method, the IC₅₀ values of black rice extract and vitamin C were 181.83 ppm and 7.84 ppm, respectively. Secondary metabolite screening detected that in black rice extract there were active compounds in the flavonoid and steroid groups, GC-MS identification results showed that the extract contained the most compound, hexadecanoic acid.

Formulasi Sabun Transparan Berbahan Dasar Minyak Kelapa dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Buah Pepaya dan Scrub Kunyit

Andrew Setiawan Rusdianto — 2024-07-19

Soap is one of the cosmetic products used daily that continues to undergo development by adding organic and inorganic ingredients that contain supporting ingredients according to their function. The potential of papaya and turmeric fruit is combined to make transparent, solid soap with the addition of fruit extract and scrub. Papaya fruit contains vitamin C, which functions as an antioxidant and can be beneficial for reducing free radicals that can damage skin DNA. Turmeric also contains fiber, which functions as an abrasive to remove dead cells from the skin and does not cause irritation. This research aims to determine an effective formulation for making transparent soap based on coconut oil with the addition of papaya extract and turmeric scrub. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of two factors, six treatments, and three replications. The parameters used are organoleptic, water content, degree of acidity (pH), ethanol-insoluble ingredients, free fatty acids, vitamin C content, foam stability, and hardness. Based on research that has been carried out, the addition of papaya vitamin C extract and turmeric scrub affects water content, free fatty acids, vitamin C content, foam hardness and stability, as well as the organoleptic color, aroma, transparency, and overall acceptability of the soap preparation. The characteristics of the ethanol-insoluble material and the pH value were only influenced by papaya vitamin C extract. The best transparent soap treatment based on the de Garmo method effectiveness index test is the A3B1 treatment.

Indigenous Knowledge Integrated Biology Learning with Project-based Learning to Support Team Communication Skills

Fajar Adinugraha — 2024-07-19

Proficiency in team communication skills (TCS) is essential for academic achievement in higher education. Discussing socio-scientific issues that are also backed by indigenous knowledge, such as the environment and biodiversity, requires TCS. Nevertheless, there is a dearth of literature on the integration of indigenous knowledge or local wisdom into biology learning, particularly in the context of project-based learning (PBL) at the university level. The objective of this study is to delineate the process of indigenous knowledge integrated biology learning with project-based learning (IKIBL with PBL). Additionally, the aim is to ascertain the TCS score subsequent to treatment using IKIBL with PBL. The study, which employed classroom action research, involved 19 university students. The IKIBL with PBL is a series of activities that are aligned with the PBL methodology. These activities integrate research related to indigenous knowledge into learning. The results of this research were used to create an educational video. The results showed that there was an increase in the percentage of high categories in each learning cycle. Although there was no increase of high categories in Cycle 2, more than 75% of the students were in the high category. The most prominent aspect was closed-loop communication, followed by information sharing, and finally listening. TCS is needed as a requirement for 21st century learning and solving social science issues such as biodiversity and the environment.

Uji Aktivitas Enzim Selulase Baglog Jamur Pleurotus cystidiosus, Pleurotus ostreatus dan Auricularia auricula dengan Pelarut Berbeda

Astri Zulfa — 2024-07-31

Cellulase enzyme activity is essential for the breakdown of cellulose, a major component of plant cell walls. This enzyme is produced by a variety of microorganisms, including fungi such as mushrooms. This study aimed to evaluate the cellulase enzyme activity extracted from the baglogs of three different mushrooms: Pleurotus cystidiosus (brown oyster mushroom), Pleurotus ostreatus (white oyster mushroom), and Auricularia auricula (wood ear mushroom). The extraction was conducted using three different solvents: aquadest (distilled water), saline solution, and citrate buffer at pH 4. The cellulase activity was assessed under optimal conditions of 60 °C incubation temperature and 60 minutes incubation time. The results indicated that the lowest cellulase activity was found in the baglogs of Pleurotus cystidiosus extracted with aquadest, measuring at 0.0253 IU/mL. Conversely, the highest cellulase activity was observed in the baglogs of Pleurotus ostreatus extracted with aquadest, with an activity level of 0.0728 IU/mL. The glucose concentration, which serves as an indicator of the enzymatic hydrolysis of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), was highest in Pleurotus ostreatus extracted with aquadest at 393.043 ppm. These findings suggest that Pleurotus ostreatus is the most effective species for cellulase production among the tested mushrooms when extracted with aquadest. The optimal extraction and assay conditions determined in this study can guide future research and industrial applications in enhancing cellulase enzyme production from mushroom baglogs, particularly in bioconversion processes and bioethanol production.

Pembuatan Keju Zea dengan Bahan Dasar Susu Jagung dan Telur Ayam Menggunakan Buah Ceremai dengan Uji Organoleptik

Yovita Harmiatun — 2024-07-31

Cheese is a processed dairy product produced by coagulating mammalian milk, a process involving bacteria and enzymes (rennet). Cheese generally comes from mammals milk, such as goat, cow, and buffalo milk. The aim of this research was to determine the process of producing cheese from plant-based milk, namely corn and chicken eggs, using ceremai fruit as a coagulant with organoleptic tests. The cheese-producing process in this study involved three stages: producing corn milk, ceremai fruit filtrate, and cheese. Additionally, this study was expected to offer a solution to prevent stunting in toddlers and help pre-elderly individuals maintain muscle, bone, and dental health. This research was an experimental study with three repeated replications, and the data obtained were primary data from organoleptic tests by 25 respondents. The results of this study showed that the cheese product created the best zea cheese in terms of organoleptic characteristics. The highest preference scale from aroma, taste, and color indicators was Sampel K2 (50 ml corn milk, 50 ml chicken egg, and 50 ml of 50% ceremai fruit filtrate). Meanwhile, the highest preference scale for texture was Sampel K3 (50 ml corn milk, 50 ml chicken egg, and 50 ml of 25% ceremai fruit filtrate). This study concluded that the process of making zea cheese consisting of three groups was successful with the formation of curds (clumps) by the coagulant filtrate of ceremai fruit. The best sample that was most preferred from the organoleptic test was K2, which consisted of 50 ml of corn milk, 50 ml of chicken egg, and 50 ml of 50% ceremai fruit filtrate.