Zipper System dan Keterpilihan Perempuan dalam Sistem Pemilu di Indonesia
Keywords:
women's political representation, gender affirmative action, zipper system, electoral law reform, political representationAbstract
Women's political representation is an important indicator of democratic quality and political inclusiveness. Although Indonesia has implemented an affirmative action policy requiring a minimum of 30 percent women candidates in legislative elections, women's representation in the House of Representatives (DPR RI) remains at approximately 22 percent and has yet to achieve the intended affirmative target. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of gender affirmative action policies within Indonesia’s electoral system and examine the urgency of adopting a zipper system in the revision of the Electoral Law. The research employs a qualitative method using a public policy analysis approach based on document analysis and literature review. The findings indicate that the current affirmative policy is primarily oriented toward candidate quotas rather than electability quotas. The limited representation of women is influenced by several structural factors, including patriarchal culture, male-dominated party elites, high political costs, and the use of an open-list proportional representation system that reduces the effectiveness of affirmative measures. Furthermore, the 2026 Constitutional Court decision strengthens the obligation for political parties to fulfill the 30 percent quota for women candidates but does not directly address the issue of women's electability. This study argues that the adoption of a zipper system could serve as an alternative electoral reform mechanism to enhance women's political representation by increasing their opportunities for election in a more balanced and competitive manner
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