An Analysis of Communication Patterns within the CARAT Fandom in Shaping Fan Loyalty

Abstract

This study aims to understand how communication patterns within the CARAT fandom shape fans’ loyalty toward SEVENTEEN. The research employed a qualitative approach using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) method to explore the subjective experiences of fandom members in interpreting their interactions in digital spaces. The participants consisted of seven Generation Z CARAT members in Indonesia, selected through purposive sampling based on their active involvement in digital fandom platforms and their demonstrated forms of loyalty. Data were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analyzed using IPA procedures. The findings show that interactions among fans on social media platforms such as X, Telegram, and other fandom spaces function as arenas for information exchange, social relationship building, and emotional attachment reinforcement toward the idol. These communication patterns shape loyalty, which is reflected in concrete supportive practices such as streaming, voting, purchasing albums or merchandise, defending the idol, and participating in fandom community activities.