ANALISA EFEKTIVITAS KONDENSOR PADA UNIT 21 DI PLTGU JAWA SATU POWER 2 x 880 MW
Abstract
Abstrak
Kondensor merupakan komponen vital dalam siklus Rankine PLTGU yang kinerjanya sangat mempengaruhi efisiensi
termal keseluruhan pembangkit. Penurunan efektivitas kondensor dapat meningkatkan back pressure turbin, yang
berujung pada penurunan daya dan peningkatan konsumsi bahan bakar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis
kinerja dan mengevaluasi tren penurunan efektivitas kondensor pada Unit 21 PLTGU Jawa Satu Power selama periode
operasi awal pasca Commercial Operation Date (COD). Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis kuantitatif Log
Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) dan Number of Transfer Units (NTU). Data operasional primer, meliputi suhu uap,
suhu air pendingin (masuk dan keluar), serta laju aliran air pendingin, dikumpulkan pada kondisi beban penuh (100%
load). Pengambilan data dilakukan pada enam periode berbeda: fase commissioning (Desember 2023), Januari 2024,
April 2024, September 2024, Mei 2025, dan Agustus 2025. Hasil perhitungan menunjukkan kinerja awal kondensor pada
fase commissioning memiliki efektivitas sebesar 78,90% (LMTD) dan 77,8% (NTU). Kinerja sempat mencapai
puncaknya sesaat setelah operasi (Januari 2024) di angka 85,30% (LMTD) dan 85,1% (NTU), mengindikasikan kondisi
permukaan yang bersih. Setelah itu, teramati adanya tren penurunan kinerja yang signifikan dan bertahap. Efektivitas
menurun drastis hingga mencapai nilai terendah pada Agustus 2025, yaitu sebesar 52,32% (LMTD) dan 74,1% (NTU).
Tren penurunan efektivitas yang tajam ini menegaskan telah terjadinya degradasi performa kondensor, yang diduga kuat
disebabkan oleh fouling progresif pada pipa, kenaikan suhu air pendingin, dan potensi penurunan performa sistem
vakum. Penurunan kinerja di bawah 60% ini memerlukan tindakan pemeliharaan yang intensif dan berkala, seperti
pembersihan mekanis tube dan inspeksi sistem vakum, untuk memulihkan kinerja perpindahan panas dan menjaga
efisiensi termal PLTGU.
Kata kunci: Efektivitas kondensor,
Abstract
The condenser is a vital component in the Rankine cycle of a combined cycle power plant (CCPP), whose performance
significantly affects the overall thermal efficiency of the plant. Decreased condenser effectiveness can increase turbine
back pressure, leading to decreased power and increased fuel consumption. This study aims to analyze the performance
and evaluate the trend of decreasing condenser effectiveness in Unit 21 of the Jawa Satu Power Combined Cycle Power
Plant (CCPP) during the initial operating period after the Commercial Operation Date (COD). This study uses quantitative
analysis methods Log Mean Temperature Difference (LMTD) and Number of Transfer Units (NTU). Primary operational
data, including steam temperature, cooling water temperature (inlet and outlet), and cooling water flow rate, were
collected at full load conditions (100% load). Data collection was carried out in six different periods: the commissioning
phase (December 2023), January 2024, April 2024, September 2024, May 2025, and August 2025. The calculation
results show that the initial condenser performance in the commissioning phase has an effectiveness of 78.90% (LMTD)
and 77.8% (NTU). Performance peaked shortly after operation (January 2024) at 85.30% (LMTD) and 85.1% (NTU),
indicating clean surface conditions. Afterward, a significant and gradual performance decline was observed.
Effectiveness declined drastically, reaching its lowest values in August 2025, at 52.32% (LMTD) and 74.1% (NTU). This
sharp decline in effectiveness confirms the degradation of condenser performance, which is strongly suspected to be
caused by progressive pipe fouling, rising cooling water temperatures, and potential degradation of the vacuum system.
This performance decline below 60% requires intensive and regular maintenance measures, such as mechanical tube
cleaning and vacuum system inspections, to restore heat transfer performance and maintain the thermal efficiency of the
combined cycle power plant.
Keywords: Condenser effectiveness,
