Uji Antimalaria Ekstrak Akar Pasak Bumi (Eurycoma Longifolia Jack) dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Ekspresi TNF-α pada Mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei

Abstract

Abstrak
Malaria masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di dunia terutama negara tropis, karena angka kesakitan dan kematiannya
yang tinggi. Gejala yang berat sampai kematian akibat malaria dipengaruhi respons imun setiap individu maupun
ketepatan pengobatan malaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek respons imun (TNF-α) mencit
terinfeksi Plasmodium berghei yang diberi ekstrak akar pasak bumi (Eurycoma longifolia jack) sebagai antimalaria.
Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental laboratorik dengan desain post test control group only. Untuk pemeriksaan
parasitemia digunakan pemeriksaan darah tipis yang dipulas dengan Giemsa. Teknik bead based multiplexing
technique digunakan untuk mendapatkan nilai mean flourescence intensity (MFI) sebagai ukuran kadar TNF-α.
Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kemampuan ekstrak akar pasak bumi sebagai antimalaria dengan rerata nilai
hambatan pertumbuhan (growth inhibition) sebesar 88,93%. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan hubungan bermakna
antara tingkat parasitemia dengan TNF-α (uji Spearman, r = -0,872; p<0,005). Hal itu menunjukkan ekstrak akar
pasak bumi (EAPB) dapat bekerja sebagai imunomodulator dengan mengaktivasi TNF-α yang bekerja sebagai
imunoprotektor. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian EAPB meningkatkan ekspresi TNF-α yang berhubungan
dengan penurunan tingkat parasitemia pada mencit yang diinfeksi P. berghei.

Kata Kunci: Eurycoma longifolia jack, Plasmodium berghei, TNF-α

Abstract
Malaria is still the main health problem in the world, mainly in tropical countries where its incidence and mortality
remain high. The severe disease, which may lead to death, are affected not only by the immune response of each
individual, but also by the efficacy of malaria treatment. The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of
immune response (TNF-α) of the Plasmodium berghei-infected mice, which was treated with the pasak bumi root
(Eurycoma longifolia jack) extract as antimalaria. This was an in vivo experimental study in which the experimental
animals were divided into five different groups (control, Plasmodium berghei and aquades, CMC, Plasmodium
berghei and CMC, Plasmodium berghei and pasak bumi root extract). The level of parasitemia were determineted
by using thin blood staining. The bead based multiplexing technique was used in the TNF-α examination in order
to obtain mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) which was later used as TNF-α standard. The results of this research
showed the potential of the pasak bumi root extract as antimalaria with the mean percentage of growth inhibition of
88.93%. The correlation analysis showed a meaningful inverse relation between the parasitemia level and TNF-α
(Spearman test, r= - 0.872; p=0.001). This means that the pasak bumi root extract could activate TNF-α, which acts
as immune protector. In conclucion, the pasak bumi root extract could enhance the TNF-α expression as shown by
the decline of the parasitemia level in the Plasmodium berghei infected mice.

Keywords: Eurycoma longifolia jack, Plasmodium berghei, TNF-α