Pengaruh Edukasi Terhadap Pengetahuan Tentang Stunting di Kalangan Ibu Hamil di Puskesmas, Kota Jayapura, Papua

Abstract

Stunting atau tenkes merupakan kegagalan pertumbuhan pada balita akibat kekurangan gizi kronis sehingga anak menjadi pendek. Masalah stunting menandakan gangguan gizi kronis yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi ibu pada saat kehamilan dan kondisi kesehatan balita. Stunting antara lain disebabkan pengetahuan yang kurang tentang pentingnya pemenuhan gizi pada 1000 hari pertama kehidupan. Semakin rendah pengetahuan ibu maka semakin beresiko kejadian stunting pada anak. Edukasi merupakan salah satu faktor penting dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan serta praktik ibu dalam memenuhi kebutuhan nutrisi selama kehamilan dan setelah anak dilahirkan sebagai bentuk usaha mencegah kejadian stunting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh edukasi/penyuluhan tentang stunting pada ibu hamil di puskesmas, Kota Jayapura, Papua. Subyek penelitian terdiri atas 44 orang ibu hamil yang kebanyakan <20tahun, kebanyakan berpendidikan SMA, dan pendapatan rumah tangga <Rp. 1.500.000. Sebelum edukasi didapatkan 32 ibu hamil namun setelah edukasi didapatkan hanya satu orang ibu yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang, sementara 43 ibu memiliki pengetahuan yang baik, terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada sebelum dan setelah edukasi (t-test, p<0,05).
Kata Kunci: Tenkes, ibu hamil, pengetahuan, edukasi

Stunting or tenkes is a failure of growth in toddlers due to chronic malnutrition, so that children become short. The problem of stunting indicates a chronic nutritional disorder that is influenced by the condition of the mother during pregnancy and the health conditions of toddlers. Stunting is partly due to a lack of knowledge about the importance of nutritional fulfillment in the first 1000 days of life. The lower the mother's knowledge, the more risk the incidence of stunting in children. Education is one of the important factors that can increase the knowledge and practice of mothers in meeting nutritional needs during pregnancy and after the child is born as a form of effort to prevent stunting. This study aims to determine the effect of education/counseling on stunting in pregnant women at the health center in Jayapura City, Papua. The study subjects consisted of 44 pregnant women, most of whom were <20 years old, most of whom had a high school education, and household income <Rp. 1,500,000. Before education, there were 32 pregnant women but after counseling, only one mother had poor knowledge, while 43 mothers had good knowledge. There was a significant difference between before and after education (t-test, p<0.05). 
Keywords: Tenkes, pregnant women, knowledge, education