Aktivitas Larvisida Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Kunyit Putih (Curcuma zedoaria) terhadap Larva Aedes aegypti

Abstract

Abstrak Rimpang kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) mempunyai zat aktif berupa minyak atsiri yang selama ini diduga berpotensi sebagai larvisida. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya bunuh minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit putih terhadap larva Ae. aegypti instar IV. Variasi konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 15,2 ppm, 30,3 ppm, 60,5 ppm, 121 ppm, 242 ppm serta kontrol positif (temefos 1%) dan kontrol negatif (CMC Na 1%) dengan empat kali replikasi untuk tiap perlakuan. Minyak atsiri didapatkan melalui metode destilasi uap. Hasil pengamatan selama 24 jam untuk menguji aktivitas minyak atsiri sebagai larvisida diuji dengan Anava, diperoleh nilai p = 0,000, artinya terdapat perbedaan jumlah kematian larva yang bermakna pada dua kelompok. Analisis Post-Hoc (LSD) menunjukkan ada perbedaan jumlah kematian larva antara perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol positif dengan semua perlakuan pada berbagai tingkat konsentrasi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit putih (p<0,05). Demikian juga perlakuan pada kelompok kontrol negatif, terdapat perbedaan bermakna dengan semua perlakuan pada berbagai tingkat konsentrasi minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit putih (p<0,05). Hasil uji analisis probit menunjukkan bahwa pada konsentrasi 54,5 ppm mengakibatkan kematian 50% populasi larva uji. Kesimpulannya bahwa minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit putih berpotensi sebagi larvisida nyamuk Ae. aegypti.
Kata kunci: minyak atsiri rimpang kunyit putih, larva Ae. aegypti

Abstract White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) has an active substance in the form of volatile oils that have been alleged potential as larvacide. This was an experimental study aimed to determine the white turmeric rhizome volatile oils’ activity against the in star 4 larvae Aedes aegypti. The concentrations used were 15.2 ppm, 30.3 ppm, 60.5 ppm, 121 ppm, 242 ppm. Furthermore, a positive control (temefos 1%) and negative control (CMC Na 1%) with 4 times replication for each treatment were applied. White turmeric volatile oil was obtained by steam distillation method. The observation for 24 hours to test the volatile oils’ activity as larvicide were tested with Anava. The p value = 0.000 was obtained, which means at least there was difference of larvae mortality in the two groups. The results post-hoc analysis (LSD) showed that there were differences in the number of dead larvae between the treatments in the positive control group to all various levels treatment of white turmeric rhizome volatile oil concentration (p<0.05). Then, the treatment of negative control group showed significant differences in all various levels treatment of white turmeric rhizome essential oil concentration (p<0.05). Probit analysis of the test results showed that white turmeric rhizome volatile oil at the concentration of 54.5 ppm could result in the death of 50% population of test larvae. It could be concluded that the white turmeric volatile oil could be used as potential larvicide to eradicate Ae. aegypti mosquito. Hence, to destroy the dengue hemorrhagic fever disease vector.
Keywords: white turmeric rhizome essential oil, Ae. aegypti larvae