The Effect of Asian Parliamentary Debate to Hone Students’ Critical Thinking
Abstract
Various studies have shown that critical thinking development is vital in language learning as it facilitates language acquisition, helps communication skills improvement, and boosts language proficiency. This study aims to investigate the potential impact of the APD technique on students' critical thinking skills development. Conducted in SMA Negeri 71 in Jakarta over a period of over 3 months data was collected through a pre-test and a post-test employing a critical thinking test called Watson-Glaser Test. The results indicated that APD has a significant effect on students' critical thinking abilities. The mean scores of the pre-test and post in the experimental group were 45.2 and 62.3 respectively while the mean pre-test and post-test scores in the control group were 40.56 and 52.1 respectively. The experimental group's critical thinking improved from a good level to an excellent level, while the control group's critical thinking improved from a good level to a very good level. Based on the findings, it was concluded that APD is beneficial in enhancing students' critical thinking skills.
References
Aclan, E. M. (2016). Debate as a pedagogical tool to develop soft skills in EFL/ESL classroom: A qualitative case study. Pertanika Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 24(1), 213–240.
Alasmari, A. (2013). Using debate in EFL classes. English Language Teaching, 6(1), 147–152. https://doi.org/10.5539/elt.v6n1p147
Albergaria-Almeida, P. (2011). Critical thinking, questioning, and creativity as components of intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 30, 357–362. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.10.070
Changwong, K. (2018). Critical thinking skill development: Analysis of a new learning management model for Thai high schools. Journal of International Studies, 11(2), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-8330.2018/11-2/3
Cresswell, J. (2018). The selection of a research approach in Cresswell J. Research design: Qualitative, Quantitative, And Mixed Methods Approaches.
Creswell, J. W. (2014). Educational Research. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data.
Dorine, N. (2019). The benefits of critical thinking skills and techniques for teaching these skills in the classroom for quality education. African Journal of Social Sciences, 10(3), 99–106.
Erdoğan, V. (2019). Integrating 4C skills of the 21st century into 4 Language skills in EFL classes. International Journal of Education and Research, 7(11), 113–124. http://www.ijern.com/
Facione, N. C. (1994). Critical thinking disposition as a measure of competent clinical judgment: the development of the California critical thinking Disposition Inventory. The Journal of Nursing Education, 33(8), 345–350. https://doi.org/10.3928/0148-4834-19941001-05
Firmansyah, D. (2019). Improving the students' speaking skills through debate techniques. PROJECT (Professional Journal of English Education), 2(6), 891. https://doi.org/10.22460/project.v2i6.p891-895
Fuad, J. A. (2016). Increasing critical thinking skills through class debate. 1st UPI International Conference on Sociology Education, 38–42. https://doi.org/10.2991/icse-15.2016.9
Fuad, N. M. (2017). Improving junior high schools' critical thinking skills based on testing three different models of learning. International Journal of Instruction, 10(1), 101–116. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.1017a
Gray, K. (2021). Competencies: Employers Weigh Importance Versus New Grad Proficiency. NACE (National Association of Colleges and Employers). https://www.naceweb.org/career-readiness/competencies/competencies-employers-weigh-importance-versus-new-grad-proficiency/
Handayani, R. (2016). Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in a Classroom Debate. Language and Language Teaching Journal, 19(02), 132–140. https://doi.org/10.24071/llt.2016.190208
Harefa, I. S. (2022). Teaching Experience Practice at SMA Negeri 71 Jakarta.
Hasibuan, A. L., & B. (2012). Implementing problem-based learning in the digitalization era through debating practice. Proceedings of the 59th TEFLIN International Conference, 13–30.
Heard, J. (2020). Critical thinking : definition and structure. The Australian Council for Educational Research Ltd © 2020, February.
Herrmann, E. (2015). The 4 C's of 21st-century learning for ELLs: Critical thinking. multibriefs: Exclusive. http://exclusive.multibriefs.com/content/the-4-cs-of-21st-century-learning-for-ells-critical-thinking/education
Iman, J. N. (2017). Debate instruction in EFL classroom: Impacts on the critical thinking and speaking skill. International Journal of Instruction, 10(4), 87–108. https://doi.org/10.12973/iji.2017.1046a
Jauhar Fuad, A. (2018). Observing Debate in Learning on Students’ Critical Thinking. Jurnal Pendidikan Humaniora, 6(3), 123–133. http://journal.um.ac.id/index.php/jphpISSN:2338-8110/eISSN:2442-3890
Jones, J. (2018). Logical fallacies in everyday arguments: A Study of High School Debaters. Journal of Critical Thinking in Education, 32(4), 215–230.
Karakoc, M. (2016). The significance of critical thinking ability in terms of education. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 6(7), 81–84. http://www.ijhssnet.com/journals/Vol_6_No_7_July_2016/10.pdf
Kida. (2013). Official guide to parliamentary debate in Korea. KP Publisher.
Kivunja, C. (2015). . Exploring the pedagogical meaning and implications of the 4Cs “Super Skills” for the 21st century through Bruner’s 5E lenses of knowledge construction to improve pedagogies of the new learning paradigm. Creative Education, 6.
Kristanti, M. (2020). The Effectiveness Of Modified Asian Parliamentary Debate Towards Students’ Critical Thinking And Speaking Ability Of Eleventh Graders At Man 3 Blitar.
Kristanti, M. (2015). Modified Asian parliamentary debate impact on student's English speaking ability and critical thinking. Reinforcing Education, Language, and Socioculture, 77–82.
Laela, N. (2019). The Application of Asian Parliamentary Debate (APD) as the Technique to Improve Students’ Speaking Skills.
Li, Q., Li, Y., & Shen, Y. (2020). Impacts of debate instruction on students’ critical thinking skills in College EFL Classes: An empirical investigation. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1629(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1629/1/012104
Lutfiyah, N., Nuraeningsih, N., & Rusiana, R. (2022). The obstacles in learning vocabulary of EFL students. Prominent, 5(2), 114–125. https://doi.org/10.24176/pro.v5i2.8257
Meldia, P., & Melani, M. (2022). Students' perception in using debate techniques to develop students' speaking skills. Journal of English Language Pedagogy, 7(2), 16–29.
Murawski, L. M. (2014). Critical thinking in the classroom and beyond. Journal of Learning in Higher Education, 10(1), 25–30.
Nanlohy, F. M. (2020). Case Study: The use of British parliamentary debate system and critical thinking. Matai International Journal of Language Education, 1(1), 37–49. https://ojs3.unpatti.ac.id/index.php/matail/article/view/2771
Nurakhir, A. (2020). Students’ views of classroom debates as a strategy to enhance critical thinking and oral communication skills. Nurse Media Journal of Nursing, 10(2), 130–145. https://doi.org/10.14710/nmjn.v10i2.29864
Obaid, N. A. (2022). Evaluating the group debate activity as a student-centered approach in microbiology course for pharm students: an observational study. Advances in Medical Education and Practice, 13, 585–592. https://doi.org/10.2147/AMEP.S355950
Pardede, P. (2020). Integrating the 4Cs into EFL integrated skills learning. Journal of English Teaching, 6(1), 71–85. https://doi.org/10.33541/jet.v6i1.190
Pardede, P. (2019). Using fiction to promote students’ critical thinking. Journal of English Teaching. 5(3), 166-178. http://dx.doi.org/10.33541/jet.v5i3.1309
Pardede, Rafli & Iskandar. (2023) Exploring Indonesian EFL Learners’ Digital Reading Habits. Journal of English Education and Teaching (JEET), 7(3), 459-479. https://doi.org/10.33369/jeet.7.3.459-479
Popov, V. (2022). Challenges home and international students face in group work at a Dutch university. European Journal of Engineering Education, 47(4).
Rahman, S. (2014). Third Edition Handbook for Competitive Debating: Asian Parliamentary Format.
Rasyid, A. (2021). Asian parliamentary debate simulation in EFL classroom. asels_2021, 1(1), 12–17. https://doi.org/10.51773/asels2021.v1i1.5
Ratama, I. P. (2021). Teaching the 21st Century Skills (4Cs) in English literacy activities. Journal of Education Research and Evaluation, 5(2), 223. https://doi.org/10.23887/jere.v5i2.30849
Redhana, I. W. (2021). Critical thinking disposition inventory: Its validity and reliability. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1806(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1806/1/012187
Roberts, R. E. (2020). Qualitative interview questions: guidance for novice researchers. Qualitative Report, 25(9), 3185–3203. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4640
Sanjaya, R. (2014). The Implementation of Asian parliamentary debate in teaching speaking at senior high school. Core, U-Jet.
Shavelson, R. J. (2019). Assessment of university students’ critical thinking: next generation performance assessment. International Journal of Testing, 19(4), 337–362. https://doi.org/10.1080/15305058.2018.1543309
Shirkhani, S., & Fahim, M. (2011). Enhancing critical thinking in foreign language learners. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 29, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.11.214
Smith, A. (2021). The influence of Google on students' critical thinking: a comparative study. Journal of Educational Psychology, 45(2), 178–194.
Syam, I. (2015). “The Implementation Of Debate Technique To Improve Students’ Abilitiy In Speaking”. (A Pre-Experimental Research The Eleventh Grade Students Of Sma Perguruan Islam Makassar).
Tawil, M. A. (2016). Classroom Debates: A Tool To Enhance Critical Thinking In Science.
Watson, G., & Glaser, E. (2002). Watson-Glaser Critical Thinking Appraisal UKEdition-Practice Test. London: Pearson Assessment.
Wibowo, H. (2019). Enhancing critical thinking through debate technique. Jornal Pendidikan Bahasa, 15(1).
Yulia, H. (2018). The implementation of British parliamentary debate style training to improve second-semester students' speaking ability at the English Education Study Program of Baturaja University. International Journal of Language Teaching and Education, 1(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.22437/ijolte.v1i1.4585
Zhao, C., Pandian, A., & Singh, M. K. (2016). Instructional strategies for developing critical thinking in EFL classrooms. English Language Teaching, 9 (10), 14-21.
Zulmaulida, R., Wahyudin, & Dahlan, and J. A. (2018). Watson-Glaser s critical thinking skills watson- glaser ' s critical thinking skills. 2nd International Conference on Statistics, Mathematics, Teaching, and Research, 1–6. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1028/1/012094/pdf
- View 77 times Download 77 times pdf
Copyright (c) 2024 JET (Journal of English Teaching)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyrights for articles published in JET are retained by the authors, with first publication rights granted to the journal. The journal/publisher is not responsible for subsequent uses of the work. It is the author's responsibility to bring an infringement action if so desired by the author.
