THE DYNAMICS OF INDONESIA'S REJECTION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL (FCTC) RATIFICATION: A TWO-LEVEL GAMES THEORY ANALYSIS

2025-01-06T04:36:11+00:00

This research will examine the reasons why Indonesia has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) into its Tobacco Control policy in Indonesia. Indonesia is one of the largest tobacco producing countries in the world with a large number of smokers and a large tobacco industry. A study by the Indonesian Ministry of Health found that tobacco-related deaths increased from 190,260 in 2010 to 240,618 in 2013. Initially, Indonesia was one of the 20 full drafting members for the formation of the FCTC since its initial formulation in 1996. However, until now Indonesia has become one - the only country in Southeast Asia that has not ratified the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) into its Tobacco Control policy in Indonesia. Using Robert Putnam's Two Level Games Theory, the aim is to see the interaction between level 1 (international level) and level Il (domestic level). The research results show that the Indonesian government did not ratify the FCTC because the level II win-set size was small and did not overlap. Clearer national economic considerations for the tobacco sector as well as strong lobbying from related interest groups are the main factors in rejecting ratification. Therefore, this paper seeks to explain the research question: "Why does Indonesia not ratify the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC)?". This research uses secondary data collection methods, namely through books, journals and documentation.

MANAGING DISAPPOINTMENT: REGIME SURVIVAL AND THE NORMALIZATION OF INDONESIA-UNITED STATES RELATIONS 1957-1958

2025-01-06T04:45:28+00:00

This paper examines Indonesia’s policy response during the outbreak of the rebellion of the Revolutionary Government of the Republic of Indonesia (PRRI) and the Universal Struggle Charter (Permesta) and the involvement of the United States in it. By using the omnibalancing theory, this paper aims to investigate more deeply Indonesia’s contradictory responses, which have been given special attention in previous studies. This study uses the historical study method which consist of four stages, namely heuristics, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. This study shows that the normalization path taken by Indonesia after the US involvement in the PRRI/Permesta rebellion was a tactical strategy made to ensure regime survival which was being hit by a crisis of legitimacy and threatened by state disintegration. Omnibalancing is carried out in two ways, i.e. internal balancing in the form of eradicating PRRI/Permesta elements and rearranging the political system to create Guided Democracy and external balancing in the form of normalizing relations with the United States after its intervention is publicly known. Sukarno’s omnibalancing regime then succeeded in ensuring the survival of government in power and annihilating the PRRI/Permesta while also maintaining relations with the United States.

Jurnal Asia Pacific Studies

THE DYNAMICS OF INDONESIA'S REJECTION OF THE FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON TOBACCO CONTROL (FCTC) RATIFICATION: A TWO-LEVEL GAMES THEORY ANALYSIS

MANAGING DISAPPOINTMENT: REGIME SURVIVAL AND THE NORMALIZATION OF INDONESIA-UNITED STATES RELATIONS 1957-1958