METODOLOGI PENELITIAN BAHASA DENGAN KAJIAN POSITIVISME
Keywords:
positivisme, variabel sosial, variabel linguistik, penelitian bahasa
Abstract
penelitian yang menggunakan positivisme telah secara efektif menerangi keterkaitan antara variabel sosial dan variasi linguistik, sebagaimana dibuktikan oleh studi Labov, (1971) tentang variasi fonologis di Philadelphia. berfokus pada fakta empiris yang dapat diamati, diukur, dan diverifikasi, dan sangat mendasari metodologi kuantitatif dalam penelitian. positivisme memungkinkan peneliti untuk mengumpulkan data kuantitatif yang dapat dianalisis secara statistik, seperti frekuensi penggunaan struktur sintaksis tertentu dalam bahasa kedua (L2). Tiga pendekatan utama yang sering digunakan dalam studi Bahasa adalah positivisme, neo-positivisme, dan fenomenologi. Ketiga pendekatan ini memiliki asumsi dasar yang berbeda tentang metode memahami bahasa, tetapi semuanya menawarkan pandangan penting tentang bagaimana studi Bahasa dapat dilakukan secara empiris dan analitis.
References
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Chen, S., Gil, D., Gaponov, S., Reifegerste, J., Yuditha, T., Tatarinova, T., Progovac, L., & Benítez-Burraco, A. (2024). Linguistic correlates of societal variation: A quantitative analysis. PLoS ONE, 19(4 April), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0300838
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Dewaele, J. (2013). The Link Between Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety and Psychoticism, Extraversion, and Neuroticism Among Adult Bi‐ and Multilinguals. Modern Language Journal, 97(3), 670–684. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4781.2013.12036.x
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Dror, R., Peled-Cohen, L., Shlomov, S., & Reichart, R. (2020b). Statistical Significance Testing for Natural Language Processing Dror. In Synthesis Lectures on Human Language Technologies (Vol. 13, Issue 2, pp. 1–116). MIT Press One Rogers Street, Cambridge, MA 02142-1209, USA journals-info …. https://doi.org/10.2200/S00994ED1V01Y202002HLT045
Eroğlu, M., & Şenol, C. (2021). Emergency Remote Education Experiences of Teachers during the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Phenomenological Research. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9(3), 161–172. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i3.3918
Golev, N. D. (2022). Word-Building Type as a Functional Unit of the Lexical System of the Russian Language in the Aspect of Quantitative Derivatology. Bulletin of Kemerovo State University, 24(2), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.21603/2078-8975-2022-24-2-153-164
Gonulal, T., Loewen, S., & Plonsky, L. (2017). The development of statistical literacy in applied linguistics graduate students. ITL - International Journal of Applied Linguistics, 168(1), 4–32. https://doi.org/10.1075/itl.168.1.01gon
Graves, W. W., Levinson, H. J., Staples, R., Boukrina, O., Rothlein, D., & Purcell, J. (2024a). An inclusive multivariate approach to neural localization of language components. Brain Structure and Function, 229(5), 1243–1263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9
Graves, W. W., Levinson, H. J., Staples, R., Boukrina, O., Rothlein, D., & Purcell, J. (2024b). An inclusive multivariate approach to neural localization of language components. Brain Structure and Function, 229(5), 1243–1263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00429-024-02800-9
Huisman, J. L. A., Franco, K., & van Hout, R. (2021). Linking Linguistic and Geographic Distance in Four Semantic Domains: Computational Geo-Analyses of Internal and External Factors in a Dialect Continuum. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 4(June), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2021.668035
Kalliokoski, J. (2011). Plurilingual competence, styles and variation. Eesti Ja Soome-Ugri Keeleteaduse Ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics, 2(2), 87–110. https://doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.2.05
Khan, A., & Malik, R. (2023). Male Perspective on Construction of Masculinity: Issues and Challenges in Lahore. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(1), 737–746. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.163
Kim, Y., & Tjuka, A. (2024). Cognitive Science From the Perspective of Linguistic Diversity. Cognitive Science, 48(2), e13418. https://doi.org/10.1111/cogs.13418
Labov, W. (1971). The Study of Language in Its Social Context. 152–216. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783111417509-004
Labov, W. (2009). Language Variation and Change. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203887363-3
Labov, W., Fisher, S., Gylfadottír, D., Henderson, A., & Sneller, B. (2016). Competing systems in Philadelphia phonology. Language Variation and Change, 28(3), 273–305. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954394516000132
Lønsmann, D. (2020). Language and social justice: Using language as a lens for investigating inequalities. NJES Nordic Journal of English Studies, 19(3), 68–80. https://doi.org/10.35360/NJES.578
Lorette, P. (2023a). Opportunities and challenges of positionality in quantitative research: Overcoming linguistic and cultural ‘knowledge gaps’ thanks to ‘knowledgeable collaborators.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(8), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2195383
Lorette, P. (2023b). Opportunities and challenges of positionality in quantitative research: Overcoming linguistic and cultural ‘knowledge gaps’ thanks to ‘knowledgeable collaborators.’ Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 44(8), 657–671. https://doi.org/10.1080/01434632.2023.2195383
Lupyan, G., & Dale, R. (2010). Language Structure Is Partly Determined by Social Structure. PLoS ONE, 5(1), e8559. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0008559
MacIntyre, P. D., Gregersen, T., & Mercer, S. (2019). Setting an Agenda for Positive Psychology in SLA: Theory, Practice, and Research. Modern Language Journal, 103(1), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1111/modl.12544
Mai, A., Riès, S., Ben-Haim, S., Shih, J. J., & Gentner, T. Q. (2024). Acoustic and language-specific sources for phonemic abstraction from speech. Nature Communications, 15(1), 677. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-44844-9
McEnery, T., & Brookes, G. (2024). Corpus linguistics and the social sciences. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory. https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2024-0036
Mehl, S. (2021). What we talk about when we talk about corpus frequency: The example of polysemous verbs with light and concrete senses. Corpus Linguistics and Linguistic Theory, 17(1), 223–247. https://doi.org/10.1515/cllt-2017-0039
Murphy, E., & Woolnough, O. (2024a). The language network is topographically diverse and driven by rapid syntactic inferences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 25(10), 705–705. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-024-00852-8
Murphy, E., & Woolnough, O. (2024b). The language network is topographically diverse and driven by rapid syntactic inferences. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 25(10), 705. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41583-024-00852-8
Ochieng, D., & Robert Mtallo, G. (2023). Synthesis of Attitudes and Opinions of Enthusiasts on Self-Directed Language Learning with Online Language Resources. EAST AFRICAN JOURNAL OF EDUCATION AND SOCIAL SCIENCES, 4(4), 130–142. https://doi.org/10.46606/eajess2023v04i04.0311
Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020a). The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
Park, Y. S., Konge, L., & Artino, A. R. (2020b). The Positivism Paradigm of Research. Academic Medicine, 95(5), 690–694. https://doi.org/10.1097/ACM.0000000000003093
Plonsky, L., & Gass, S. (2011). Quantitative Research Methods, Study Quality, and Outcomes: The Case of Interaction Research. Language Learning, 61(2), 325–366. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9922.2011.00640.x
Ranstam, J. (2019). Hypothesis-generating and confirmatory studies, Bonferroni correction, and pre-specification of trial endpoints. Acta Orthopaedica, 90(4), 297. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2019.1612624
Trinh, C. L. (2022). Accommodation in dialect contact: Evidence from an urban community in Vietnam. The Russian Journal of Vietnamese Studies, 6(1), 86–96. https://doi.org/10.54631/vs.2022.61-105391
Zhang, M. (2024). On Applying Natural Language Processing Technology to Optimize Accuracy of English Interactive Translation Platform. Applied Mathematics and Nonlinear Sciences, 9(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/10.2478/amns-2024-1524
Zhang‐Wu, Q. (2022). Multilingual students’ perspectives on translanguaging in first‐year undergraduate writing classrooms. TESOL Journal, 13(2), e651. https://doi.org/10.1002/tesj.651
Zhao, Y. (2024). A Psycholinguistic Perspective on Sentence Understanding for Second Language Learners. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 29, 136–143. https://doi.org/10.54097/1dx5t555
Zou, Z., Xue, M., Lu, Z., & Luo, M. (2023). Multilingual Communication Experiences of Foreign Migrants in China During the Covid-19 Pandemic. International Journal of English Linguistics, 13(3), 47. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijel.v13n3p47
Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods - Alan Bryman - Oxford University Press. In Oxford University Press.
Cameron, R. (2011). Mixed methods research: The five Ps framework. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 9(2).
Creswell, J. D., Pacilio, L. E., Lindsay, E. K., & Brown, K. W. (2014). Brief mindfulness meditation training alters psychological and neuroendocrine responses to social evaluative stress. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2014.02.007
Eckert, R. L., Kaartinen, M. T., Nurminskaya, M., Belkin, A. M., Colak, G., Johnson, G. V. W., & Mehta, K. (2014). Transglutaminase regulation of cell function. Physiological Reviews, 94(2). https://doi.org/10.1152/physrev.00019.2013
Fairclough, S. J., Boddy, L. M., Mackintosh, K. A., Valencia-Peris, A., & Ramirez-Rico, E. (2015). Weekday and weekend sedentary time and physical activity in differentially active children. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2014.06.005
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (2016). The Constructivist Credo. In The Constructivist Credo. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315418810
Tashakkori, A., & Teddlie, C. (2015). SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research. In SAGE Handbook of Mixed Methods in Social & Behavioral Research. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781506335193
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