Peningkatan Kesadaran Masyarakat terhadap Kerusakan Bangunan dan Lingkungan Pasca Gempa, Tsunami dan Likuifaksi di Palu Sulawesi Tengah

Abstract

Abstrak

Kejadian Gempa Palu pada tanggal 28 September 2018 telah menimbulkan korban jiwa dan kerugian besar dengan kerusakan pada infrastruktur dan bangunan di tiga daerah Palu, Sigi  dan Donggala.  Tragedi ini diakibatkan oleh magnitudo gempa yang sangat kuat M 7.4 diikuti oleh tsunami dan peristiwa likuifaksi yang sangat dahsyat. Karena itulah perlu dilakukan survey berikut assesmen data kerusakan bangunan yang terjadi di Palu sekaligus penyuluhan terkait teknis bangunan rumah tinggal tahan gempa. Sesuai hasil survei, likuifaksi terjadi di tiga lokasi yaitu Petobo, Balaroa dan Sigi. Sedangkan tsunami terjadi di pesisir pantai Donggala akibat terjadinya keruntuhan massa tanah yang besar saat terjadi likuifaksi. Beberapa bangunan dan infrastruktur yang mengalami kerusakan disebabkan oleh sifat teknis bangunan yang tidak mampu menahan beban gempa. Secara umum para warga warga Palu dan Sekitarnya di Sulawesi Tengah  belum sepenuhnya memahami konsep bangunan tahan gempa khususnya untuk rumah tinggal sederhana.

Kata Kunci: likuifaksi, tsunami, kerusakan bangunan, survei, asessemen

Abstract

The Palu earthquake on 28 September 2018 caused heavy casualties and losses with damage to infrastructure and buildings in three areas which are Palu, Sigi and Donggala. This tragedy was an impact of a very strong earthquake magnitude 7.4 followed by a tsunami and a very terrible liquefaction. It was necessary to conduct a survey following the assessment of building damage data that occurred in Palu as well as technical assistance to understand the earthquake resistant residential buildings concept. Based on the survey results, liquefaction occurred in three locations namely Petobo, Balaroa and Sigi. While the tsunami occurred on the coast of Donggala due to large land mass collapse during liquefaction. Some buildings and infrastructure that were damaged due to the lack of technical requirement of the earthquake loads resistancy building. In general, the society of Palu and the surrounding areas were not having adequate knowledable for the concept of earthquake resistant buildings, especially for simple residential buildings.

Keywords:. liquefaction, tsunami, building damage, surveys, assessments